From the HELPS Word-studies (found on biblehub.com) we read the word glory means ~
1391 dóksa (from dokeō, "exercising personal opinion which determines value") – glory. 1391 /dóksa ("glory") corresponds to the OT word, kabo (OT 3519, "to be heavy"). Both terms convey God's infinite, intrinsic worth (substance, essence).
[1391 (dóksa) literally means "what evokes good opinion, i.e. that something has inherent, intrinsic worth" (J. Thayer).]
Again, glory speaks to value, intrinsic worth. What is the glory that the Father gave to the son? I believe it is seen in the word son. The value of sonship. As the New Testament begins to reveal the relationship of the Father to the son we see glory manifested and filled with grace and truth. You can’t really see “grace and truth” but you can see what they produce in and through a son. John 1:16 declares “and from his fullness we have all received, grace upon grace.”
If this glory is simply that manifestation of all God is, His very essence, in all goodness, mercy, lovingkindness (as we saw from Exodus) then we can begin to understand what glory looks like when given to us. We see the express image of the Father, in all of His glory, being manifested through the works and words Jesus did and spoke. John 17:6, “I have manifested your name”; verse 8: “given them the words that you gave me” and ” the glory given me, I have given them”, verse 22. The ability to become the sons of God doing his works and declaring His word.
John 1:12 tells us we have been given power to become the sons of God. Interesting word power; it literally means, authority or the power to act. Romans 8:29 tells us we have been predestined to conform to the image of His son. All of Gods sons, like Jesus, carry the nature and the character of God. Again from John 1:16 “from his fullness we have all received, grace upon grace. We carry His glory. We reflect His glory. From Hebrews 1:3 we read, he (Jesus) is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of the nature . The NLT reads, The Son radiates God's own glory and expresses the very character of God.
Colossians 1:27 reminds us that the riches of the glory of the mystery of God is Christ in us, the hope of glory. May we ever increasingly come to understand our call to reflect the nature, the essence, of our Father to truly display His glory in all that is seen and hear